What Is Anthropometry

Anthropometry, or anthropometrics, is the study of human body measurements. At its most basic, anthropometrics is used to help scientists and anthropologists understand physical variations among humans. Anthropometrics are useful for a wide array of applications, providing a kind of baseline for human measurement.   The History of Anthropometry The study of anthropometry has had some less-than-scientific applications throughout history. For instance, researchers in the 1800s used anthropometrics to analyze facial characteristics and head size to predict the likelihood that a person was predisposed to a life of crime when in reality, there was little scientific evidence to support this application. Anthropometry has also had other, more sinister applications; it was incorporated by proponents of eugenics, a practice that sought to control human reproduction by limiting it to people with desirable attributes.   In the modern era, anthropometrics have had more practical applications, particularly in the areas of genetic research and workplace ergonomics.  Anthropometrics also provide insight into the study of human  fossils and can help paleontologists better understand evolutionary processes.   The typical body measurements used in anthropometrics include height, weight, body mass index (or BMI), waist-to-hip ratio and body fat percentage. By studying the differences in these measurements among humans, researchers can assess risk factors for a host of diseases.   Anthropometrics in Ergonomic Design Ergonomics is the study of peoples efficiency in their working environment. So ergonomic design seeks to create the most efficient workplace while providing comfort for the people within it.   For the purposes of ergonomic design, anthropometrics offers information about the average human build. This gives chair makers data they can use to  devise more comfortable seating, for example. Desk manufacturers can build desks that dont force workers to hunch in uncomfortable positions, and keyboards can be designed to reduce the likelihood of repetitive stress injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome.   Ergonomic design extends beyond the average cubicle; every car on the street has been built to accommodate the largest set of the population based on an anthropometric range. Data about how long the average persons legs are and how most people sit while driving a vehicle can be used to design a car that allows most drivers to reach the radio, for example.   Anthropometrics and Statistics Having anthropometric data for a single individual is only useful if you are designing something specific to that individual, such as a prosthetic limb. The real power comes from having a statistical data set for a population, which is basically the measurements of a lot of people. If you have data from a statistically significant portion of the said population, you can extrapolate the data you dont have. So through statistics, you can measure a few people in your population data set and have enough knowledge to determine what the rest will be like with a high degree of accuracy. This process is similar to the methods pollsters use to determine likely election outcomes. The population can be as general as men, which represents all the males in the world across all races and countries, or it can be tailored to a tighter demographic such as Caucasian American men. Just as marketers tailor their clients message to reach certain demographics, anthropometrics can use information from a given demographic for a more accurate result. For instance, every time a pediatrician measures a child during an annual checkup, he or she tries to determine how the child measures up to his or her peers. By this methodology, if Child A is in the 80th percentile for height, if you lined up 100 children Child A would be taller than 80 of them.   Doctors can use these numbers to figure out if a child is growing within established boundaries for the population. If over time a childs development is at either the high or low end of the scale consistently, that isnt necessarily a cause for concern. But if a child shows an erratic growth pattern over time and his measurements are at an extreme of the scale, this may indicate an anomaly.

The Common Workplace Issues Of Communication - 844 Words

Communication One of the most common workplace issues that most companies deal with at some point in their business development is communication. Communication is one of the most important skills needed to be successful in the business world, but it also can be one of the most difficult things a company has to go through and learn how to do in both an effective and efficient way. Each employee has a different personality and way of doing certain things, so in turn, each employee also has his or her own way of communicating. To be an effective manager, one has to realize each employee’s way of communication and try to use that to benefit conversations and meetings in the future. As John Kikoski stated in his publishing on effective communication, â€Å"Managers devote more time to communicating on the job than any other activity. Approximately 75 percent of a manager’s day is spent communicating—listening, speaking, reading, and writing† (1993). Keeping the lines of communication open are very important to keep a business successful and to also keep the employees happy and satisfied with their jobs. Communication in Effective Managers The bosses and managers at my workplace all operate under the â€Å"open door policy,† so all employees are free to come into their offices when needed. Whether it be a question about a project, a concern on one of our procedures, or to have a discussion about a new idea to help a process more efficient, we are more than welcome to come talk with them. IShow MoreRelatedConflict in the Workplace1641 Words   |  7 PagesNot everyone is going to get along on a daily basis. There’s going to be conflicts in every environment especially in the workplace. Conflict is a typical phenomenon of people’s relationship in workplace. Conflict is a fact of life. Conflict is hard to define because every situation is different in every different workplace. Conflict is a job not easily handled, and it can be really destructive if not properly taken care of. The Webster’s Dictionary (2001) defines conflict as a battle; clash; orRead MoreCombination of Required Skills: The N urse Leader and Nurse Advocate in the Workplace1029 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Combination Of Required Skills: The Nurse Leader And Nurse Advocate In The Workplace Introduction This work intends to examine the combination of skills needed in combining the role of nurse leadership and nurse advocate in the workplace. Toward this end, this study will conduct a review of the literature in this area of inquiry and report findings on what has been garnered during the course of the study. I. Shared Governance and Work Place Advocacy The work of Green and Jordan (2004) reportsRead MoreHow A Supportive Climate On The Workplace Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pages How to Build a Supportive Climate in the Workplace Barbara Linzy Shannon McDaniel Communications 210 Partner Project 11/15/16 How to Create a Supportive Climate in the Workplace Friendship and workplace: Humans are social animals. As we spend more and more time at our perspective workplaces, interpersonal relationships become vital. â€Å"According to the Gallup Organization, people who have a best friend at work are seven times moreRead MoreEthical Issues Of Business Environment850 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment, companies can face a number of ethical issues that require making hard and often dissatisfying decisions. 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Barnett, Cochran and Taylor also found in theirRead MoreWorkplace Diversity: Communication between Management and Employees1517 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Diversity: Communication between Management and Employees Workplace challenges come in many forms. One of those challenges is communication, whether verbal or nonverbal, between co-workers or between management and employees. Businesses currently are being affected by communication issues that are hindering production, satisfaction, and employee retention (Salahuddin, 2010). Communication is a vital key to effective and good management. Face-to-face communication is always the bestRead MoreThe Importance Of An Undergraduate Business Management Student1535 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness world, a key component to the productivity within the workplace is communication. As an undergraduate business management student, an important part of communication is understanding the difference between maintaining the faà §ade of an authoritative figure or maintaining a friendly relationship with employees and how it would affect the attitudes, behaviors, productivity and quality of work. In order create a successful workplace environment, finding and establishing a middle ground betweenRead MoreAdult Bullying And The Workplace1555 Words   |  7 Pages Adult bullying in the workplace has become quite commonplace and its consequences can be far-reaching. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 146 million Americans are employed in the United States, and an estimated 54 million of those are bullied at work (Namie, 2007). These statistics are staggering. 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The English world communication has been derived from latin word ‘communis’ which means to make common. In the simplest words, communication is a human relationship involving two or more persons who come together to share their views on a particular topic or to resolve a particular issue. The contemporary period has been labeled as the

PMP critique Free Essays

Answers Keller excess Depths Quote excess Papaya Mondale excess 1. 0 Executive summary This project plan was given by Ecological Foot Print Inc. For â€Å"Us Ecological Foot Print App† developing. We will write a custom essay sample on PMP critique or any similar topic only for you Order Now This project is to design a mobile-based application that runs both android and ISO mobiles. And the delivered application should also be able to make any upcoming changes in the future. The deliverables required from this application are to help people live and work more sustainable by setting targets for achieving greenhouse gas savings through individual self-motivation and help a better environment. The ultimate aim of the project Is to have a better quality of life by setting goals that every individual should be able to meet. Measurement tools, In the app will help individuals to compare the Impacts that different satellites or everyday decisions might have, whether they take place In the home, school or office, or In managing an event. The app will allow Individuals to Investigate areas related o food, travel, power usage, and other factors such as use of shopping bags, recycling etc. This application will utilize the data regarding the areas weather conditions. Sheldon Cooper Is the CEO of the project. Leonard and Sheldon are the joint sponsors of the project. The allocated budget of the project is $150,000 and the of February 2014 and scheduled completion date is on sixth of May 2014. The minimum required deliverables for the project are: Project Initiation Project Charter Kick-off meeting minutes Project Planning Scope Statement Work Breakdown Structure (WEBS) Schedule (Giant chart) Network Diagram Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM) Risk Management Plan Detailed Budget Project Executing Product related deliverables Project Controlling Milestone report Weekly status reports Weekly team meeting minutes Change Requests Project deliver 2. 1 Introduction 2. 2 Name Us Ecological Foot Print App 2. Description The aim of the project is to design an android and ISO based application to help people live and work more sustainable by setting targets for achieving greenhouse gas savings through individual self-motivation and help a better environment. Victoria is high in using the natural resources and emitting carbon dioxide levels, so he aim of this app is to allow individuals to investigate areas related to food, travel, power usage, and other factors such as use of sh opping bags, recycling etc. The app will utilize data regarding an individual’s city weather conditions. Individuals will be compared to those of their state, country and the world. With the use of this application, people should live and work more sustainable by setting targets for achieving greenhouse gas savings through individual behavior modification and indirectly through other peoples’ or organizations behaviors which can be influenced. The allocate budget and time is $1 50,000 and four months respectively. 2. 4 Sponsor details: Sheldon Cooper CEO, Big sang Inc. Melbourne 3000 Phone: 0401234567 e-mail: csheldon@bigbang. Com. U Leonard Hovercrafts Director, Mobile Development 301 global shine Phone: 0401234568 e-mail: hleonard@mobdev. Com. AU Project manager and team members: The project consists of a project manager, two programmers and a digital image specialist that work on the application. Their details are as given below: Name Role Played Contact Details Andy Project Manager Ph: 0400000001 andy@ecofootprint. Com Answers Keller Programmer Ph: 0400000002 annu@ecofootprin t. Com Depths Quote Image specialist Ph: 0400000003 deepu@ecofootprint. Com Papaya Mondale Ph: 0400000004 pappy@ecofootprint. Com 2. Deliverables: Software: Fully functional Android and ISO based application that lets users compare the impacts that different activities or everyday decisions might have, whether they take place in the home, school or office, or in managing an event. The app will provide individuals with an overall ranking in terms of food, travel, shelter, and goods and services, and advice around these. 2. 6 References: Scalable, K. (2006). Information technology project management, (4th De. ). Cambridge,MA: Course Technology De Never, Loch $ Pick 2002 Definitions: decompose the tasks into smaller components. Giant Chart: It is a bar chat used to illustrate the project schedule with start and finish dates. Network Diagram: Network diagram in a project involves sequence of steps represented in blocks linked sequentially according to the dependencies. Responsibility assignment matrix (RAM): Used to clarify roles and responsibilities of each member involved in the project. Project Charter: It is a statement of scope, objectives and participants in a project. Identifies stakeholders, and defines authority of Project Manager. Project Management Plan (PM): It s a document that consists of project planning, assumptions, communication, schedule, budget etc. Software Development Life Cycle (OSDL): Describes the process of planning, analyzing, designing, testing and maintenance of an IT project. 3. 0 Organization: 3. 1 Organizational Charts: Ecological Footprint Inc. Barnett Rosenstein Ski-Willowiest Ecological Footprint (Project Manager) Amy Affray Fowler (Green House Gas specialist consultant) 3. 2 Project Responsibilities: See Appendix A – Responsibility Assignment Matrix . 3 External interfaces: Hardware Provider: Apple store www. Apple. Com. AU pH: 03 9300 0000 Kevin Susann (user representative- ecological footprint) e-mail: skevin@ecofootprint pH: 0409999999 4. 0 Management and Technical Processes 4. 1 Management Objectives The Senior Management of Ecological foot print Inc. , have identified the need for help people live a sustainable life and has allocated $1 50,000 for its development. This app will be mobile based that will run on phones and androids and will help people to set targets for achieving Green house gas savings. The senior management of Ecological foot print Inc. Just at least include measurement tools that will help individuals to compare the impacts their different activities or everyday decisions, whether they take place at the home, school or office, or in managing an event. The app should allow individuals to investigate areas related to food, travel, power usage, and other factors such as use of shopping bags, recycling etc. And must also utilize the data regarding the area’s weather conditions. 4. 2 Project Controls To manage and monitor the status and progress of the project, several documents have been developed. How to cite PMP critique, Papers

Elementary Classroom Observation Essay Sample free essay sample

I am carry oning my service acquisition hours at Palm Springs North Elementary School. which teaches classs between pre-kindergarten and 5th class. This school is located in Palm Springs North. Florida. This simple school has a entire registration of 966 pupils most life within the Palm Springs North and Miami Lakes country. The pupil demographic consist of 87 % Hispanic. 7 % White. 5 % Black. 1 % Asiatic and 0 % other. Presently the school has one principal. three vice-principals and about 65 full clip instructors. It has a pupil to teacher ratio of about 15 pupils per instructor. The mean student-teacher ratio for Miami-Dade County is 16 to 1. I am detecting the schoolroom of Mrs. Yessenia Prieto. She teaches 3rd class linguistic communication humanistic disciplines. Mrs. Prieto earned her grade in Education for classs K-5. She has merely taught elementary and has been a instructor now for near to 10 old ages. Her mean category size is about 30 pupils. 60 % of her pupils are male c hilds and 40 % are girls. There is a little group of Esol pupils in her category which need to be taught in the Spanish linguistic communication. Even though most of the schools demographics is Latino during my observations hours I have noticed that there are many subcultures within the pupil organic structure. A subculture is described as a societal group with shared features that distinguish It in some manner from the larger group in which it is embedded ( Cushner. McClelland. and Safford ; 2007 ) . The set up of this schoolroom is different from the traditional schoolroom. It is located on the 2nd floor of the chief edifice. It is a big unfastened infinite which is separated by splitters which shape the different schoolrooms. The pupils have little person desk which are grouped in fives. The instructors desk is located in the dorsum of the schoolroom and surprisingly it does non hold a computing machine. There is a level panel telecasting on the wall which is turned on in the forenoon to give the forenoon school intelligence and sing the national anthem. At times this telecasting is besides used for presentations or exercis ings which cater to all larning types. except for kinaesthetic scholars which require a more â€Å"hands-on† attack. On a day-to-day footing Mrs. Prieto writes the day-to-day assignment on the board that the pupils need to work on. They are asked to take out their diary which is normally either a reading or composing diary. The pupils are so asked to make three short assignments. At this clip of the twelvemonth they are fixing for FCAT proving so most assignments given are for reading. They read a short narrative and reply a few inquiries sing the reading. Once the clip is up the instructor reads the narrative out loud together with the pupils. She so hands out ruddy pens and have them look into their ain replies. I observed the pupils get excited to reply the inquiries. Sharing their replies with one another and working in groups encourages the pupils to link and happen commonalties amongst each other. The little size of this schoolroom allows Mrs. Prieto to be truly originative and supply personalized attending which becomes specifically helpful for certain pupils who need it. I realized that in a little schoolroom versus a larger one pupils prosecute more with the instructor and the schoolroom is much easier to pull off. I believe this to finally be more of a benefit to the pupil than it is to the instructor. Besides. Mrs. Prieto needs to give some of her category clip to her E. S. E. pupils. which frequently need more attending and clip to complete assignments. The pupils who require the most attending from the instructor are the non English speech production pupils. The group is composed of about 7 pupils all of Hispanic decent. Mrs Prieto is a Spanish speech production instructor so she is able to pass on efficaciously with this little group of pupils. I observed that this allows for the pupils to experience like they belong with the remainder of the schoolroom despite the fact they do non talk the same linguistic communication as most of the other pupils. When they are immersed in an intercultural state of affairs. this sense of belonging may be hard to accomplish because they do non cognize the regulations of behaviour in the new state of affairs ( Cushner. McClelland. and Safford ; 2007 ) . Although they are non able to understand the way of the regular category they get particular clip and way for their assignments. To make this inclusive environment the instructor must be after in front and equilibrate the different acquisition manne rs to learn the same stuff to all the pupils in the category. What I found the most interesting is an assignment that the pupils work on for about 30 min several times a hebdomad. These assignments are reading and composing assignments which prepare the pupils for FCAT proving. The instructor hands out the packages to each of the pupils. They work on the same package each clip. The pupils are alloted times to read the transitions and answer inquiries. They check their ain replies and take clip take parting in the different activities. The package is utilized in the instance a pupil does non go through the FCAT. If the pupil performed good in the package exercises but failed the FCAT the package would let the pupil to have a passing position. The dedication I observed Mrs. Prieto have with the pupils. doing certain they do good in these assignments was to be admired. It is really obvious that it is non an easy undertaking at manus but what is apparent is the wages it produces.

Terrorism in pakistan free essay sample

Terrorism in Pakistan Full Essay: Terrorism is not just word but ideology that suffered this world a lot. There are many countries of the world that are facing this threat in their parts. Important thing is that all countries are trying to counter it but terrorism increased. Pakistan is also the victim of this terrorism. In fact it is suffering a lot than any other country. The reason of that it’s big functional boundary which is associated with big countries of the world like India, Iran, Afghanistan and China. In last UN Convention in which all heads of States were present, PM India Man Mohan Singh said Pakistan is the Epicenter of Terrorism† and all people that were sit in that convention endorsed his statement without considering that Pakistan gave lot of lives in this fight of terrorism, army men and also public. Today, bomb blast or suicide bombing is normal thing for the citizens of Pakistan. We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism in pakistan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many Pakistanis are dying these blasts but they are facing it by bravery. But the whole world is continuously pointing to us as terrorist state. What a shame? There is no govt. official that can say truth to the world and to the citizens of Pakistan that are still seeing towards leadership. This is happening with us because of our slavery and corrupt leadership that made such decisions and policies through we are reached at the edge of another partition. Our Establishment launched Jihad to rescue the people of Afghanistan against USSR. We defeated USSR badly with the help of USA and got huge success. Now the scenario has been totally changed for last 10 years. USA replaced USSR and it is fighting against these Afghanis that were fighting with USA against USSR. Pakistan played the same role and it is helping USA against those Afghanis. Presently Pakistan is considered as Infidel (Kafir) state by this Pakistani Taliban. So, Pakistan is facing different war scenes. TTP which has origin of Pakistan is fighting against Pakistani State and Afghani Taliban is fighting against USA in Afghanistan. This wart is continuously going and USA is ready to leave this region by the beginning of 2014 but what about Pakistan? Pakistan has to do something to get rid of this problem because after going USA Pakistan will become the prime target for both of them which will be very deadly detrimental for Pakistan and it should plan something long term to make itself safe from these coming situations.

Cloning Essays (682 words) - Cloning, Molecular Biology, Genetics

Cloning Essays (682 words) - Cloning, Molecular Biology, Genetics Cloning Twenty years ago, scientists said that cloning was completely impossible. But now, the science of cloning has come to realization. Imagine meeting an exact replica of somebody. They look alike, think alike, and even have the same genetic makeup. No, this isn't an episode of Star Trek, this is reality. This is the new world of cloning, and thanks to a 7-month-old sheep named Dolly, a new science has been born. As with every new science, there are those who believe in it, and those who oppose it. The new technology of cloning should be utilized because it could bring back extinct organisms, help infertile couples to have children, and potentially save many lives. Cloning could bring back extinct animals. Over millions of years, thousands of different species have gone extinct. Most were due to "natural selection", while several others were due to human intervention. According to the Encarta Encyclopedia, 1997, "nearly two-thirds of all the native bird species and one-tenth of the native plants originally found on the Hawaiian Islands have gone extinct recently. Most of these losses have been of species unique to the Hawaiian archipelago. Predators, competitors, or diseases introduced by humans from continental areas are responsible for many of the extinctions. Many remaining species on oceanic islands are threatened or endangered." With cloning, many of the animal species, and potentially several of the plant species could be brought back to life. Even though there is currently no technique for bringing the plants back, with technology advancing so quickly, we could have a solution quite soon. Cloning, though now limited to an! imal subjects, potentially has significant human applications. Cloning will help a couple who would normally be unable to have children because one of them was infertile. In the case of an infertile father, scientists take an egg from the mother, remove its nucleus, then take a cell from the father, remove its nucleus, and place the nucleus inside the empty egg. That cell now acts as a reproductive cell. They then put the egg in the mothers' womb, and wait for results. Unfortunately, this method has a very low success rate. According to Gina Kolata of the New York Times, February 23, 1997, in the experiments with the sheep, 277 cells were attempted. Twenty-nine of those developed into embryos. When those cells were transferred to the female sheep, only thirteen became pregnant. Of those thirteen, only one carried the pregnancy to full term and delivered a live lamb. However, with the ever-progressing technology, scientists will be able to achieve higher success rates. The power of cloning can not only be used to create life, it ! can also be used to save it. Cloning has many medical benefits that could be utilized. It could be used to replicate organs from animals that would be suitable for transplant into humans. This process would increase the amount of people who could be saved. Since there would be more organs, the waiting lists for transplants would become much shorter. According to James Glassman or the Denver Post, February 26, 1997, "Engineered animals like pigs could be cloned and harvested for organs to transplant into sick humans". This would be much easier, because you don't have to wait for an organ donor. Cloning can also recreate certain genetically engineered animals that carry helpful substances. In the case of the sheep, the main product that they are trying to get is AAT, a sheep's milk now in clinical trials for use in treating cystic fibrosis.(CNN on-line, February 23, 1997) Also, according to the Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia, 1992, "clones have produced such medically important substances as Insu! lin, interferon, and growth hormone". Due to the overwhelming positive implications, society must embrace this new technology. The science of cloning should be used because it could resurrect extinct animals, give couples a new hope, and medical science now has a new tool that could potentially save thousands of lives. Cloning, once the stuff of science fiction, will with recent advances become an integral part of our society.

Changing the Electoral College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Changing the Electoral College - Essay Example Electoral College is a process in which different executives are selected; this is done by the people of the state such that they choose a number of persons classified as electors. Further it is described that the elector is the one who participates in the electing of the executive. Why it is called as an Electoral College is because all these electors work as a unit in determining the executive. Thus in the early 1800's, this term Electoral College came into common usage as the informal label for the group of citizens selected to cast votes for President and Vice President. Selecting the Electors is an important task to be understood. However in the United States this process for selecting electors varies throughout. Usually, the political parties name electors at their State party conventions or by a central vote from the designated committee. Electors are often chosen to identify their service and commitment to their political party. The Electors may be State elected officials, party leaders, or even those person who have a political affiliation of some sort. Next the voters in each State opt for the electors on the day of the general election. As the procedure is different in each state therefore the electors' names may or may not be shown on the ballot below the name of the candidates running for President. Past Present Contrast In the present circumstances the Electoral College certainly operates in a different civilization from the one that present in 1787. Nevertheless the Electoral College has exposed an astounding capability to adapt to modern-day America. It may occasionally function in a different way than expected, but it still serves the political goals it was anticipated to serve. In truth, its process in modern times may be yet more valuable. Critics of the "Electoral College" charge that the country's presidential election procedure does more to constrict the rights of individuals than to shelter federalism. In this framework, they often refer to the winner-take-all system regulated by most states, claiming that it causes the votes of several individuals to be wasted. The 2000 election dispute As this dispute goes, it could be seen that a Texan who voted for Al Gore in the 2000 election wasted his ballot for the reason that George W. Bush was awarded the state's complete slate of electors due to the "winner-take-all" regime. In a direct accepted ballot vote, critics note, these votes would not have been wasted, they could have instead been integrated in the final national tally for Gore. Such points of views, however, are a bit untruthful. These votes were not wasted. They were merely transmitted on the losing side of a popular vote inside the state. For this argument, if the 2000 election had been carried out based on nationwide popular vote totals only, would people assert that any vote for George W. Bush was wasted just because Al Gore won the popular vote Surely this would not have been the case as the votes for Bush were cast in an attempt to win. Presidential Elections The main outcome of America's presidential election progression is to safeguard the liberty of individuals mainly those in small states and

Dissertation conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dissertation conclusion - Essay Example It is also expected that more babies will be born at home and this could endanger the health of infants and their mothers. The respondents also perceive that the downgrading and closure proposals will be disruptive to a feeling of community. Residents of Ealing will have to leave their community for the purpose of obtaining medical health care in a number of cases. This renders the community fragmented. The reality is, Ealing Hospital is a part of the Ealing community and will not serve the greater population of Ealing. In the meantime, the campaigns have served to bring the community together, if only for a temporary and limited purpose (See Figures 1 and 2). One respondent, a community member, felt that the proposed downgrading of the A&E ward was a necessity and served the greater good of the local community. In particular, the respondent noted that things could not continue as they were. For example between 50% and 60% of patients reporting for A&E services were not casualties an d therefore overtaxed an already overburdened health care system operating on a limited budget. Downgrading would reduce the budgetary demands and would redirect services elsewhere. If things continued as they were, the trusts in the area would eventually close altogether and everyone would lose access to much-needed health care services. Cuts were therefore not only necessary to avoid closure, but also to ensure that those who need health care services the most would be able to access it. As for the impact of downgrading and in particular the proposed closure of the maternity ward, the respondent did acknowledge that there were protests within the community. However, the respondent felt that whenever there are changes to a system, there will always be disappointment. This disappointment did not equate to evidence of negative outcomes. In fact, the respondent stated that there was no evidence of a negative impact on the local community. This respondent’s impressions were quit e different from the remaining respondents. The remaining respondents were far more pessimistic about the future trajectory of Ealing Hospital and the community impact. For example, a respondent member of the Trans Union participating in the Save Our Hospital campaign predicted that the hospital changes â€Å"will be a disaster†. This prediction was based on the medical needs of residents in Ealing and in particular the large population of disadvantaged residents with medical needs. One respondent who is a medical doctor, felt that the downgrading was due to budgetary constraints, debts, and the move toward privatisation which was a persistent trend in government services. Even so, the doctor did not think that downgrading was the solution to the problem. If anything, services in the Ealing hospital should be expanded. This is particularly so for the elderly, the uneducated, migrants and ethnic minorities service users. These categories of service users typically use public t ransport and in doing so will now have to make the journey farther away to access services

The American Experience from 1865 to 1945 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The American Experience from 1865 to 1945 - Essay Example The premise of the poem was even used in soap advertisements that encouraged "white people to teach cleanliness to other races" (Pears soap ad. 1890's) American foreign policy seems to follow the suggestions in Kipling's poem. The United States has sent troops to several countries that were in the midst of civil war. It seems as if the United States has taken on the role of a world police force and food aid provider to poorer nations. Often times the United States has used force to destroy the infrastructures of other countries to turn around and flood that country with aid to rebuild that same infrastructure. America is very much the richer nation taking care of the poorer nations. The American's have taken on the "white man's burden" by spreading democracy and tackling human rights issues. Progressivism in the United State began as a political solution to many of society's ills such as child labor laws and woman's suffrage. The most notable person in the progressive party was Theodore Roosevelt (u-s-history.com). The progressive party advocated for many human rights reforms such as lower taxes for persons with lower incomes, nationalizing utilities and introduced collective bargaining and farm relief. The progressive party may have been popular among black Americans as they benefited the most from these reforms.

Autocad Vs Microstation: Summary and Evaluation

Autocad Vs Microstation: Summary and Evaluation Patricia Ferreras Table of Contents (Jump to) What is CAD? AutoCAD and MicroStation History Research 2D Design Features 3D Design Features Interoperability Conclusion Bibliography What is CAD? CAD is an abbreviation of Computer Aided Design, and refers to software used to create detailed, precise drawings and technical illustrations. CAD software is capable of creating two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) models. (WhatIs.com, 2011) AutoCAD and MicroStation History: AutoCAD was introduced in 1982 as a desktop application. Since 2010, it has evolved into a mobile web and cloud based application, currently marketed as AutoCAD 360. (Wikipedia, 2014) MicroStation was introduced early in 1987 with the capacity to write to design files with the extension â€Å".DGN†. In its early days, it had simple modification abilities, and it was capable of displaying each element in their intermediate states during placement. MicroStation V8i (SELECTseries 2)- July 2010 added integrated point cloud support. (Bentley, 2014) Research The scope of my research is to compare the two leaders software packages in design, both of them are used by a wide range of professionals, mainly in the fileds of Engineering, Architecture and Industrial Design. Different people have different needs or preferences, but I want to keep my research as objective as possible, that is why I going to focus is three key aspects of the software, 2D, 3D and interoperability. 2D Design Features: The comparison is based in the latest versions of each program, and on the available functions and tools for managing 2D designs that a CAD software provides. (Chief, 2012) AutoCAD 2013 MicroStation V8i In 2D Designing, what makes users happy are the features and tools that AutoCAD provides, such as: The Sketch tool which allows 2D Drafts to be intuitively drawn A customizable tool palette, color palette and command log Tape Measure Tool, text Box and Snap to grid functionalities, From 3D models generates 2D Drawings Even though MicroStation provides many useful tools, it is lacking some key features for 2D Designing. Its available features include: An advanced sketch tool Color palette, tool palettes and command logs, all of which are customizable From 3D Models, could generate 2D Drawings 3D Design Features: These features include Simulation, 3D Modeling and animation using features provided by the CAD software. (Chief, 2012) (enggcyclopedia, 2012) AutoCAD 2013 MicroStation V8i AutoCAD 2013 include the following features and tools needed for the 3D Modeling, Rendering and Animation: Has parametric Modeling Tools Material changes as they occur, so it could be viewed in real time Extrude 3D Models from 2D Drawings Photorealistic models could be created. Basic animation projects are enable through its animation features AutoCAD is recognized as a business-oriented design tool, and is regarded as following industry standards. MicroStation provides more of a thorough platform for 3D Modeling and Animation. It is more advanced than AutoCAD in some respects: Parametric modeling tools and features Real time modifications can be previewed as they are implemented Microstation can â€Å"extrude† 3D Models from 2D Drawings with 3D geometric surfaces Photorealistic models can be achieved 3D Printing is supported MicroStation claims to respect its users by providing them with a CAD environment built to cater for all their needs. Interoperability: This factor relates to collaboration functionality with other CAD Applications, the ability for more than one designer to work simultaneously on one platform, cloud features, and a number of other functions. (Chief, 2012) (Alvarez, 2006) AutoCAD 2013 MicroStation V8i AutoCAD 2013’s full-featured user-interface and interoperability features include the following: Support for readable and writable file formats such as: DWG, PDF, 3DS, DWF The Autodesk Cloud Feature, Autodesk 360 allows designers on the CAD Software Workspace to work away from the office. It provides each user with roughly 3 GB of space, and this figure can be increased to cater for file sharing. Integration of Google Mapping The users felt that the re-design introduced with Land Development was very different from the previous applications such as CivilCAD and Softdesk. MicroStation is an application with total integration of other applications within Bentley or external applications that develop in a MicroStation environment . It wins the war of interoperability. The main features include the following: It supports readable and writeable file formats including: Sketchup, DWF, Revit, PDF,DWG An AutoCAD interoperability function which allow designers to work with all of Autodesk’s CAD Versions Geo-location is supported by providing designers with coordinates for actual real-life buildings. It allows integration of Google Maps, and allows for sharing and networking between designers. Designer’s work is protected from intellectual theft via a digital signature feature The users find quite easy to use the different applications of MicroStation, is very similar design. Conclusion Which one is better? Well, from a personal point of view, AutoCAD is a clear winner when it comes to 2D Design. This is possibly because it was the first CAD software that I learned how to use, and the one that I have used more often. But I am not the only one that thinks this: many professionals that use AutoCAD agreed that â€Å"AutoCAD still trumps the MicroStation with its advanced 2D Drafting capabilities† (Chief, 2012) When it comes to 3D support, I have to give this to MicroStation. I lost count of how many coffees I had while the computer was rendering a 3D Design. It takes practically forever, so the best thing to do was to let the machine to do the magic and take a break. (Alvarez, 2006) In conclusion, both CAD tools provide features which classify them as advanced drafting tools. These tools can be used by CAD designers to draw and design both 2D and 3D Designs, independent of their complexity. (Prakoso, 2011) In summary, I would regard AutoCAD as a better drafting tool, but MicroStation as a better CAD platform. Bibliography History of MicroStation MicroStation Wiki MicroStation Be Communities by Bentley. 2014. History of MicroStation MicroStation Wiki MicroStation Be Communities by Bentley. [ONLINE] Available at: http://communities.bentley.com/products/microstation/w/microstation__wiki/3164.history-of-microstation.aspx. [Accessed 10 March 2014]. Autodesk Company. 2014. Autodesk Company. [ONLINE] Available at: http://usa.autodesk.com/company/. [Accessed 10 March 2014]. AutoCAD Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2014. AutoCAD Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. BE Magazine En Espanol Volume 1-Issue 12. 2014. BE Magazine En Espanol Volume 1-Issue 12. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nxtbook.com/fx/books/bemagazine/vol1issue1spanmexico/index.php?startpage=12. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. MicroStation ® vs. AutoCAD ® which is better. 2014. MicroStation ® vs. AutoCAD ® which is better. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.indiacadworks.com/blog/microstation-vs-autocad-comparing-features/. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. Whats the Difference Between AutoCAD and Other 3D programs?. 2014. Whats the Difference Between AutoCAD and Other 3D programs?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://animation.about.com/od/faqs/f/Whats-The-Difference-Between-Autocad-And-Other-3d-Programs.htm. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. Microstation or Revit..what to choose? | Forum | Archinect. 2014. Microstation or Revit..what to choose? | Forum | Archinect. [ONLINE] Available at: http://archinect.com/forum/thread/96142/microstation-or-revit-what-to-choose. [Accessed 18 March 2014]. AutoCAD versus MicroStation, which one is the best? | CAD Notes. 2014. AutoCAD versus MicroStation, which one is the best? | CAD Notes. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.cad-notes.com/autocad-versus-microstation-which-one-is-the-best/. [Accessed 21 March 2014]. . 2014. . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.google.ie/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=6ved=0CF0QFjAFurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcad-software.findthebest.com%2Fcompare%2F5-19%2FAutoCAD-vs-MicroStation-V8iei=So4sU5j-MqWI7AaL5YGgBgusg=AFQjCNHRN8j20Fq52oVzAW6c2-7ihTQpNQbvm=bv.62922401,d.ZGU. [Accessed 21 March 2014]. Reducing Childhood Obesity: Health Promotion or CBT Reducing Childhood Obesity: Health Promotion or CBT NuRS21010 Understanding Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Concept Terms Boolean Operator Hits Population: Childhood Childhood, young people, children, child, youth. (Childhood obesity or young people or children or child or your ) and health promotion or cognitive behavioural therapy 38 Intervention: health promotion Health, promotion, (Childhood obesity or young people or children or child or your ) and health promotion or cognitive behavioural therapy 21 Comparison: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy CBT, behavioural, behavioural (Childhood obesity or young people or children or child or your ) and health promotion or (cognitive behavioural therapy or CBT ) 17 Outcome: obesity Obese, weight gain. (Childhood or young people or children or child or youth ) and ( obesity or obese or weight gain) and health promotion or (cognitive behavioural therapy or CBT ) 11 Which is more effective in reducing childhood obesity health promotion or Cognitive behavioural therapy? Concept Terms Truncate Hits Population: Childhood Childhood, young people, children, child, youth. Child* obesity health promotion or cognitive behavioural therapy 26 Intervention: Nurse led health promotion Health, promotion, Child* obesity and health promotion and cognitive behavioural therapy 15 Comparison: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy CBT, behavioural, behavioural Child* obesity health promotion or cognitive behaviour* tharap? 10 The first part of my essay will be based on the evaluation on my question this will include looking at the strengths, weaknesses and how I could improve it if I were to do it again. I wanted to research the question: which is more effective in reducing childhood obesity, health promotion or Cognitive behavioural therapy? As I find the topic childhood obesity really fascinating especially with the current national epidemic of childhood obesity. This made me realise that it’s a concerning health issue so I wanted to explore the possible interventions which were available for those suffering from childhood obesity. To do this I compared one of the most common interventions (health promotion) to one of the emerging interventions being used to treat childhood obesity (cognitive behavioural therapy). I used the CINHAL database for my literature search as it provides indexing of the top nursing and allied health literature (CINHAL, 2013) and offers information relevant to my question. When researching I used truncation I decided to truncate the terms in my research question as I wanted to collect the information which was relevant to my question rather than irrelevant data, as it did not correlate to my question. This worked as each time I truncated I was able to gather data which related to my research question so this was beneficial mechanism when gathering relevant data. A research mechanism which I used was the Boolean operator to help me find appropriate literature. Boolean operators utilise the terms: â€Å"and†, â€Å"or† and â€Å"not† to restrict, increase, or narrow searches depending on Boolean logic, which describes how Boolean operators manipulates large sets of data (Barker et al 2011).Boolean operators link keywords and phrases this informs the search engine how to interpret the search, which helps identify the results the researcher is looking for (Barker et al 2011). By utilizing the Boolean operator it helped narrow my search and provided me with the literature which was relevant to my research question. Because at first when I researched I got a lot of hits but a majority if the literature was irrelevant and therefore not required, but by using the boolean operator it allowed me to access specific literature for my research question. I think I could have improved my research question by making my research question more specific for instance instead of childhood obesity which is a very large age group I could have narrowed it down to teenagers. As this will give me a sense of direction when looking for supporting literature as it’s a specific age group this can be supported by Sackett (2000) who sates that by asking a precise question you can look for specific knowledge for chosen research topic. Whereas with my current question I have a lot to cover as it looks at childhood obesity which is a broad age group, which makes it difficult gathering supporting literature. Another weakness is that although I gathered literature for my research question a majority of it was applicable to health promotion interventions in comparison to cognitive behavioural therapy in relation to childhood obesity. So to alter this I think I would have compared health promotional techniques to non-health promotion health techniques. This will ensure I get a balance of supporting literature between the comparisons, as there was little literature for cognitive behavioural therapy. This part of the essay will critically appraise intervention for ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children: a controlled and randomised clinical trial (Lima et al, 2013). The CASP tool (Guyatt et al 1993) will be used to achieve this. 1. Was the question clear? The population that was studied was 42 asthmatic children age 2. Was this a randomised controlled trial? The study used a randomised clinical trial (RCT). A RCT is where partakers are randomly allotted to one or more control groups this is determined by the number of interventions (Parahoo, 2006). Randomisation means allocating applicants to experimental or control groups at random so that partakers have an equal likelihood of being placed in either group (Lang, 1997). This eradicates selection bias and offers equilibrium amid recognised and unidentified confounding factors to make a control group similar to the treatment group (Akbong, 2005). The method was apt for the question being researched as Machin Fayers, (2010) states that RCT’s are the principal mode for defining the comparative efficacy and safety of substitute medical devices, interventions or treatments. This method is apt for the research as the question aimed to analyse the effectiveness of an intervention for the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children. The study used this method to verify the effect of asthmatic of an intervention for asthmatic children. Lawrence et al (2010) RCTs are the finest for trials determining the impact of health interventions, they’re very robust and systematic for critiquing the efficiency of health interventions. Though there is a risk of bias when there are errors in the strategy and organisation of a trial (Akobeng, 2005). 3.Were participants allocated to intervention group and control groups? The partakers were aptly allocated to intervention and control groups. As participants were allocated to groups via generating an algorithm of random numbers through the use of the R software (Lima et al, 2013). The inclusion criteria in the study were asthma identified by a doctor, based on assessment and physical existence defining features and linked factors termed in the NANDA international taxonomy age 4. Were participants and staff blind to participants study group? The team member who did the randomisation did not partake in the interventions or the outcome evaluation. This shows that the study used blinding which is vital as there is a threat in RCTs exploring the benefits of one intervention over an alternative as it can impact outcomes, causing influenced results. Blinding trials reduces bias, blinding refers to the exercise of stopping partakers, health professionals, and those gathering and examining data from knowing who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group, to avert them from being influenced by such knowledge (Day, 2000). Studies show that by blinding patients and health professionals avoids bias. Trials which didn’t blind bore more estimates of treatment effects than trials in which authors conveyed blinding (odds ratios overstated, by 17%) (Schulz Grimes, 2002). 5. Were all participants accounted in conclusion? All the participants in the study group were followed up for its conclusion. The participants in the control group did not get the option to be in the intervention group or vice versa. 6 .Were participants in all groups followed up and data collection in the same way? All the participants were followed up in the study. The effect of the intervention was evaluated at a single moment, due to the obstruction of secretion as it reversed quickly and linked to working with other professionals (Lima et al, 2013). 7. Did the study have enough participants to minimise the chance of play? The study used chi-squared test for power calculation. The test aims to test the hypothesis of no association between two or multiple groups, criteria and population (West, 2008). The chi test found P=0.061, statically significance was assumed at P 8. What is the main result? The study found an improvement in obstructive symptoms in those who took the intervention offered, with great alterations in the displays of choking and adventitious breath sounds. The generalisations may be limited as children in the intervention group show higher values for age and weight. The group also consisted of children under the age of 36 months thus likely to have asthma attacks (Lima et al, 2013). This may question the validity of the results found. The study also found there was little research in this topic making it challenging when trying to compare findings with other research (Lima et al, 2013). The study uses a small sample as there are only 42 participants in the study, so not really representative. Akobeng, (2005) argues that when a study uses a small sample of participants in it can be difficult identify the real variances of results found from both the intervention and control group. The study highlights the need for research on airway clearance techniques to as sess the effectiveness of its use. The findings suggest studies to offer planned interventions during hospitalization to determine the link between the intervention and a decreased in the duration of hospital stay (Lima et al, 2013). 9. How precise are these results? The study used Mann–Whitney test uses the findings of the t-test to identify variances amid two groups of habitually distributed population (Burns Grove, 2005). The Mann Whitney test found that after the intervention, the intervention group showed greater improvement than the control group for the indicators of choking (16.83 vs. 26.17, P = 0.007) and adventitious breath sounds (16.4 vs. 26.6, P = 0.005). This illustrates that the detected variance between the groups is doubtful to have happened by chance hence the null hypothesises rejected due to no variance and the other hypothesis as there is an actual variance in the intervention group is taken into account (Akobeng, 2005). 10. Were all vital outcomes considered so the results can be applied? The participants in the study are classified as asthmatic it doesn’t specify the type of asthma they have. Knowing they type of asthma they had i.e. chronic or acute asthma is beneficial as will illustrate if there is a different effect on a patient with certain type of asthma. For instance Schechter (2007) found that airway clearance therapy has little or no effect on acute asthma, so techniques used in this study may not be applicable for those with acute asthma. Airway clearance techniques requires training in order for patient or carers to carry it out correctly, this may be an issue for some as they may not have the funding or money for training. In relation to parents and carers airway clearance techniques may be a barrier for them when implementing it to their child. As airway clearance techniques require equipment and considerable amount of time (Walsh et al, 2011) to carry out in order to ensure that it is carried out correctly and effectively on child. This can be an issue for parents and carers especially if they don’t have the time due to other issues such as work or taking care of other children. According Pryor (2009) to policy makers and health care professionals in the UK, are less likely to utilise the intervention of airway clearance in asthma patients due to the uncertainty of the effectiveness of its usage in asthma patients this is also because of little research available on this topic. The study itself also mentions the lack of research available on airway clearance Walsh et al, (2011) techniques for asthma (Lima et al, 2013). Also found although airway clearance techniques have progressed over the years there is little research to illustrate the effectiveness of airway clearance techniques amid the child population who have asthma (Walsh et al, 2011). Reference List Akobeng AK. Evidence-based child health. 1. Principles of evidence-based medicine. Arch Dis Child 2005;90:837–40 Barker D., Barker M., Pinard , K., (2011). London : Cengage Learning. Blaikie N. (2009). Designing Social Research. 2nd ed. UK: Polity Press. CINHAL (2013). CINHAL Database (online). Available at:http://www.ebscohost.com/nursing/products/cinahl-databases/cinahl-complete>. Accessed at 19th November 2013. Burns N. Grove S.K, (2005). The practise of nursing research: conduct, critique and utilisation. 5th ed. USA: Elsevier Saunders. Chia KS. Randomisation: magical cure for bias. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2000;29:563–4. Day SJ, Altman DG. Blinding in clinical trials and other studies. BMJ 2000;321:504. Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, and Cook DJ (1993).Users’ guides to the medical literature. II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention. JAMA 1993; 270 (21): 2598-2601 and JAMA 1994; 271(1): 59-63 Lawrence M. Friedman, Furberg C.D, DeMets D (2010). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (online). Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pIx-0LvD6agCpg=PA97dq=advantages+of+randomised+controlled+trialshl=ensa=Xei=ACbLUtvWBdG0hAf094EIredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=advantages%20of%20randomised%20controlled%20trialsf=false> Acessed at 6th January 2014. Lang TA, Secic M. How to report statistics in medicine. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians, 1997. Lima L.H.O, Lopes M.V.O, Falcà £o R.T.S, Freitas R.M.R, Oliveira TF, da Costa M.C.C (2013). Intervention for ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children: A controlled and randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2013; 19: 88–94 Machin D Fayers P, (2010). Randomized Clinical Trials: Design, Practice and Reporting (online). Available at:http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=l6oxPO9riPYCprintsec=frontcoverdq=randomised+clinical+trialhl=ensa=Xei=wSPLUuiqNNSKhQem_YCgDgredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=randomised%20clinical%20trialf=false >. Accessed at 6th January 2014. NANDA, (2012).Defining NANDA (online). Available at :http://www.nanda.org/nanda-international-taxonomy-licensing.html>. Accessed at 6th January 2014. Olbricht G Wong Y,(2008). Power and Sample Size Calculation (online). Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/195151500/Power-and-Sample-Size-Calculation >. Accessed at 6th January 2014. Parahoo K. (2006) Nursing research : principles, process and issues 2 nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Pryor J.A. (2009).Physiotherapy for airway clearance in adults (pdf). Available at: http://www.ersj.org.uk/content/14/6/1418.full.pdf >Accessed at: 3rd January 2014. Sackett D., Straus S., Richardson S., Rosenberg W., Haynes B (2000). Evidence-Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM. London : BMJ Publishing Group. Schulz KF. Assessing allocation concealment and blinding in randomised controlled trials: why bother? Evid Based Nurs 2000;5:36–7. Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, et al. Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA 1995;273:408–12. Schechter M S.(2007) Airway Clearance Applications in Infants and Children (pdf). Available at: http://www.assobrafir.com.br/imagens_up/artigos/Airway_Clearance_Applications_in_Infants_and_Children.pdf> Accessed at 27th December 2013. Walsh B.K, Hood K, Merritt G. (2011). Paediatric airway maintenance and clearance in the acute care setting: how to stay out of trouble (online). Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21944689>. Accessed at 6th January 2014. West M.D (2008). Use of the Chi-Square Statistic (pdf) .Available at: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/fundepiii/PDFs/Lecture17.pdf> Accessed at 6th January 2014.

Whites Voss :: Religion Australia Suffering Essays

White's Voss White's sense of fate is one in which everyone is doomed to suffer and greatness is measured by the individual's capacity to do so (Brady 1978). This is articulated by Clark who believes that in the harshness of the Australian setting the "only glory men know on earth is how they respond to defeat and failure" (quoted by Bliss 3). The quest in Voss cannot be read as one that looks forward in expectation of discernible results. The usual criteria involved in determining failure must be discarded here. The failures must be seen as inherent, inextricable components of the ongoing process of becoming rather than being, articulated in Voss as the mystery of life "not solved by success, which is an end in itself, but in failure, in perpetual struggle, in becoming" (269). White has partly used the metaphor of a geographical exploration because the desert explorer must inevitably suffer physically and this allows insight into suffering on the spiritual realm. This links Voss to the wildernes s experiences of Moses, Jesus, St Antony and many other desert ascetics. White shows that suffering through losing self is only the first step of a process of finding a truer sense of self, in acquiring an understanding of the human condition and, ultimately, in coming closer to discovering the Divine. The notion of failure facilitating humility will be used in this essay to establish whether the characters in Voss are fortunate in their failures and to consider how White has subscribed to this "fortunate failure" in the actual process of writing. Different aspects of failure will be examined, but ultimately they are all part of the necessary failure entailed in the religious quest. Bliss explains this failure as being vital in the recognition that the "Infinite, by definition, must be infinitely sought" (205). Her superficial paradox is similar to many of the deliberately paradoxical elements of White's work which all form part of the Christian paradox of recovering a truer sense of self through self-sacrifice. It is not unreasonable to see this as the controlling idea behind the "fortunate failures" as White's self-stated intention was to write a novel concerning the "relationship between the blundering human being and God"(White quoted in van den Driesen 77). The interest lies i n how this blundering is explored as a necessary part of the Divine quest. Le Mesurier's failure could be attributed to his taking his own life, but this is too literal a view to take in a novel where characters are invested with expanding consciousness rather than diminished awareness.